New Jersey Family Law Blog

Court: Parental Autonomy Cannot Be Transferred to Third-Party

October 15, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

Sometimes things stand in the way of parents’ ability to raise their children – financial distress, illness, substance abuse – to name a few. When this happens, custody can be turned over to someone else: a grandparent, another relative or any trusted adult that has lived with the child. These people are known as “psychological” parents or de facto parents. If, after reading the following, you need a Hunterdon County lawyer that can assist you with a similar situation regarding parental rights, contact The Rotolo Law Firm, located in Lebanon, NJ, which is in close proximity to Clinton, NJ and Flemington, NJ.

By definition, a psychological parent is an adult with whom a child has bonded regardless of any legal, biological or adoptive relationship. (1) However, although custody of a child can be transferred, parental autonomy cannot, according to a ruling recently upheld by the New Jersey Appellate Division. (2)

Parental autonomy is a fundamental right of natural parents. It allows parents to make all decisions with regard to raising their child without fear of governmental interference as long as those decisions pose no threat to the child’s or the public’s order, safety and welfare. (3)

State Has Guidelines to Calculate a Fair Share in Child Support Payments

September 3, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

The $46,000 per month in child support supermodel Linda Evangelista is seeking from the father of her four-year-old son may raise some eyebrows.(1) After all, that’s more than some people earn in a year. And the recent court order requiring actor Mel Gibson to pay his ex $750,000 over five years to settle their bitter custody battle may stir similar reactions.(2) Although these high-cost celebrity cases may feel like revenge of a partner scorned, child custody issues are serious matters.

New Jersey considers all parents responsible for supporting their children, which means providing the basics of food, shelter and clothing. That responsibility does not end when a marriage dissolves.

Oftentimes couples get caught in a financial “catch-22” once they marry and have children. Now there are three or more mouths to feed. If both parents work, they incur the added expense of childcare. If one parent cuts his/her working hours to avoid the childcare expense, that parent’s income is then lowered and there is less money to pay expenses. Finances are generally one of the major stress factors in marriage. Divorce doesn’t solve the problem either; rather, it can make financial problems worse, because after divorce there are two households to support in addition to the continued need to provide the basics.(3)

The Law Looks Differently at Mothers and Fathers

August 21, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

What defines a parent? For some, parents are the people to whom you are born. Others define parents as those who raise and care for you as you grow. According to Merriam-Webster.com, both definitions are correct, (1) but what about the legal definition of parent? That’s a question the New Jersey Supreme Court recently agreed to review.

The case involves a woman seeking to be identified as the legal mother of a child born to her husband and a surrogate without having to file for adoption. An appeals court previously heard the case and cited the New Jersey Parentage Act, which states that a woman is automatically granted parental rights only to a child she either carries through pregnancy or with whom she shares DNA. In this case, the husband’s sperm was used to fertilize an anonymous donor’s egg which was then implanted into a surrogate mother, leaving the wife no physical tie to the child. (2)

Prior to the child’s birth, a Camden County Superior Court Judge granted the couple’s request to be named as parents on the child’s birth certificate. The surrogate mother relinquished her parental rights three days after giving birth, the time period specified by law. All seemingly went smoothly until the Bureau of Vital Statistics questioned the wife’s parental claim. Since she did not carry the baby in pregnancy nor share DNA with the child, the Bureau claimed she needed to file for adoption as a stepparent before gaining her parental rights. (2)

Court Says GPS Devices Can Be Used to Track Unfaithful Spouses

August 5, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

For most people, a global positioning system — better known as a GPS — is a useful tool that can help keep them from getting lost, navigate detours, or find the quickest route between two points. These devices can also be used to track the movements of the vehicle in which it is installed. What if the device was installed without the knowledge of the vehicle’s operator? Would that constitute an invasion of privacy? Not necessarily according to New Jersey courts.

This question came to light in connection with a recent Gloucester County divorce case. In this case, the wife suspected her husband of having an extra-marital affair. She hired a private investigator to confirm her suspicions. At some point, the investigator suggested the wife consider putting a GPS device in one of the vehicles the couple owned together. She followed that advice and information obtained through the use of that device led to the discovery of the husband in the company of another woman. The husband sued the investigator for violation of his right to privacy. (1)

A New Jersey court found in favor of the defendants and that decision was upheld by the Appeals Court just last month. In hearing the case, the court found that there was no evidence that the device tracked the husband into secluded or private areas. (2) The husband’s vehicle was tracked on public roads and was in plain sight of public view. As such, the court ruled, there could be no reasonable expectation of privacy. Therefore, there was no invasion of privacy and no rights were violated. (1)

Court Rules Parental Rights Cannot Be Terminated by Contract

July 24, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled recently that parental rights cannot be terminated merely by a contract entered into by the parties involved, rather parental rights can be terminated only by State law under specific conditions. (1)

This question arose in connection with a case of a single woman who wanted a child and her male friend who agreed to be a sperm donor. Prior to conception, the two entered into a contract whereby the male donor gave up all of his parental rights and responsibilities; the woman assumed complete responsibility for the child. (1)

The birth certificate of the child born from this procedure listed no one as the father. Following the child’s birth, the two individuals involved in the conception signed another consent order confirming that the male surrendered his parental rights and the female retained all responsibility for the child. That order was sent to the court. (2)

‘Legally Separated’ Is Not a Status Recognized in New Jersey

July 8, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

While entertainment news headlines these days may be full of celebrities and politicians calling it quits on their marriages, divorce is a big step for most couples no matter what problems they may be facing. There can be any number of reasons why a couple in domestic turmoil may not want to jump into divorce – at least not just yet. Among those reasons are financial situations, religious beliefs, insurance matters and even the hope that a little time apart could help mend the relationship. While many states recognize “legal separation” as a state between marriage and divorce, New Jersey does not. (1)

In New Jersey there is a proceeding on the books known as “divorce from bed and board.” This antiquated term refers to a marital state which is between living as husband and wife and divorce. During this time, the couple would enter into a Separation – or Marital Settlement – Agreement, which does much the same as a divorce agreement without permanently ending the marriage. (1)

Under a Separation Agreement, a couple decides and agrees on a number of issues such as how assets are to be distributed between them; whether or not support payments need to be made and, if so, how much; tax issues, such as who claims who as dependents; and custody matters, including visitation schedules and child support. (1)

Court: Grandparents’ Rights Not Automatically Terminated in Adoption

June 25, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

In New Jersey when a child is given up for adoption, the rights of the biological parents are terminated at the end of the adoption process. What happens, however, to the rights of the child’s biological grandparents?

Prior to the 1970’s, grandparents had no legal visitation rights. Then divorce rates began to rise and so did the number of single-parent homes. Grandparents began to take a more active role in raising their grandchildren and states began to adopt laws granting grandparental visitation rights. (1)

Today New Jersey law gives grandparents the right to seek visitation with their grandchildren if they are at any time denied such visits by the children’s parents. The grandparents must prove visitation is in the child’s best interest and the court will consider a series of factors when granting this request, including the relationship between the child and the grandparent(s), the relationship between the child’s parents and the grandparents, and the effect the visitation may have on those relationships. (2)

Should Parents’ Citizenship Status Affect Child’s Rights to Financial Aid?

June 11, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

Financing a higher education is a daunting task that has high school seniors from all walks vying for whatever tuition aid is available. Because need far exceeds availability these days, it is only logical that criteria for eligibility be set. But when a New Jersey teenager’s application for state aid was rejected recently, it raised the question of whether a child born in this country should be denied such benefits because of his or her parents’ immigration status. (1)

Generally, state and federal student aid is available only to U.S. citizens, permanent residents or certain other eligible non-citizens. (2) Whether states should extend this aid to children of illegal immigrants has been the topic of hot debate not only in New Jersey but across the country. Supporters say children should not be punished for the actions of their parents. Opponents, on the other hand, fear that granting financial assistance to children of illegal immigrants would deplete funds available for legal residents and/or put an undue burden on taxpayers. Proposed legislation that would have made illegal immigrants eligible for in-state tuition rates in New Jersey did not even win enough support for a vote. (3)

The New Jersey case currently in the media and the courts puts a slightly different twist on the issue, however: the student at the center of this case was born in this country, making her a legal citizen. Like many of her peers, she applied to the New Jersey Higher Education Student Assistance Authority (HESAA) for a Tuition Aid Grant. HESAA rejected the application on the basis that her mother was not a legal resident. That decision is being appealed. (1)

Pending Legislation Could End Battle over Rights of Adoptees versus Rights of Birth Parents

May 28, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

The long-running battle that has pitted the rights of adoptees to have access to their birth records against birth parents’ rights to privacy may soon come to an end in New Jersey. A bill ending that battle was approved by the New Jersey State Legislature earlier this month and now awaits signing by Gov. Chris Christie. (1)

The pending legislation would give adoptees in the State the right to access their birth certificates once they turn 18. Parents who have given children up for adoption prior to the law taking effect would have one year from the date the law is adopted to request their names be stricken from the birth records. Once the law is passed — if it is — those giving a child up for adoption could submit in writing their desire not to be contacted. (2) Those parents could have their names stricken from birth records as long as they disclose details of their medical and cultural backgrounds. (3)

Currently in New Jersey access to birth certificates in “closed” adoptions is available only by court order. The adoptee must show good cause to the courts in order for their birth certificates to be unsealed. What constitutes “good cause” is up to the discretion of the judge involved with the particular case. (4)

Paying Parent Has Right to School Records

April 30, 2011 | Kearns Rotolo Law

Issues of privacy between parents and children can be very sensitive matters, with parents trying to balance their desire to support and protect with their children’s rights. Sometimes, however, a parent’s right to know can supersede the child’s privacy rights, as illustrated in the recent New Jersey case of Van Brunt v. Van Brunt.

The question in that case came down to whether children can both evoke their right to privacy under the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and claim entitlement to child support and financial assistance with their education. The court’s answer essentially was no.

The Van Brunts are a divorced couple who have joint legal custody of their two children. Under terms of their divorce, Mrs. Van Brunt was named primary residential parent and Mr. Van Brunt was ordered to pay child support, including contributions towards the children’s college expenses, until they become emancipated. The children would not be considered emancipated, according to the agreement, as long as they were enrolled in a full-time, four-year academic college program. (1)